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2009/10/31 10月30日地面课燃油系统 通常是同侧油箱供应同侧引擎。燃油是由高压油泵输入共轨系统(common rail)后直接射入气缸,而高压油泵的油来自低压油泵。共轨系统中的油压由ECU根据power setting决定。高压油泵和低压油泵均为引擎机械驱动。未射入气缸的燃油会返回油箱。 共轨系统:为提高柴油机燃烧效率,用电子手段精确控制进入气缸的柴油供给量和供油时刻。如图 Fuel selector valves 三个模式 On/X-feed/Off X-feed表示被另一个油箱feed。哪个油箱真正供油,回油就通向哪个油箱。
油箱 每个机翼上各有一个油箱,每个油箱分成三个chambers。每侧有1USG unusable fuel,可用的油有50.8加仑 最大可以接受5加仑的unbalance。 飞机没有低压的booster pumps。 油箱中有两个Vents,一个包括一个带有check valve的capillary,另一个是一个relief pressure valve。Relief pressure valve是为了在AUX fuel transfer失效的时候保护油箱,防止油压过高。带Check valve的capillary是为了连通油箱和大气,在爬升时保证油箱内外气压平衡而不会把油带出油箱。 Hydraulic Brake 刹车盘 rotor 卡钳 Caliper Parking brake set之后要踩几下刹车,给卡钳建立液压压力,才能保证刹车。 Landing gear Hydraulically operated Electrically powered hydraulic pump Electrically actuated hydraulic valves operated by gear selector switch Squat switches prevent retraction on the ground Warning horn with ‘gear up’ and ‘1 power lever in low position ~20%’ or ‘flaps LDG’ Gear down lock=spring loaded Down lock released by hydraulic pressure for retraction Green lights=gear down and locked Red light=gear neither down nor up Gear held up hydraulically Emergency operation=free fall (by releasing hydraulic pressure) If gear problem before landing just on final(for check ride) à Go around à safetyàchecklist Hydraulic fluidà Red Nose wheel steered with rudder pedals Steering angleà30°without use of breaks 52°with one wheel fully breaked 2009/10/30 从男人关注的事情上。。。ZZ一、拥有自信和风度 男人到了二十几岁后,就要开始学着用心去经营自己了,它体现在自己的思想与涵养上。自信是一个男人最重要的品质,自信的男人就你像一只在暴风雨中战斗的海鸥。海鸥所要说的只有一句话“让暴风雨来的再猛烈些吧”,只因为它无所畏惧。一个自信的男人,总是能够感染别人,无论这些人是朋友还是敌人。要使别人对你有信心,就必须要先对自己充满信心。自信的男人可以战胜一切困难。一个有风度的男人就像一片大海,不拒点滴,又包容江河。有风度使男人得到更多的青睐,不争眼前才能够放眼世界,给予别人才能够受益无穷。正所谓“宰相肚里能撑船”,一个心如大海的男人,肚中不知能撑多少船呀!风度偏偏让男人看上去潇洒万千。 二、养成看书和写作的习惯 男人到了二十几岁后,就开始要走入社会了,在与别人交往的过程中,谈吐与修养是最能征服别人的。一个有知识的男人一定是常看书的,一个有智慧的男人一定是常写作的。无论自己多忙,都要抽出时间来看看书,写写文章。因为这样做能够改变一个男人的思想与行为。一个男人要改变自己思想首先要做的就是读一本好书,读一本书就像交了一个好朋友,他能够帮助你走好自己的路。读书的生活是最丰富多彩的,写作的时光是最能启迪智慧的。喜欢看书和写作的男人,一定能够培养出一个好的心态。因为知识与智慧的海洋是无边无际的,但喜欢看书和写作的男人却能做到执著追求。追求是一个男人的思想,也是一个男人的行动,永不放弃地追求,无时不刻的在激励的男人去战斗。在这种战斗中,使一个男人能够经历风雨的洗礼,成长为一棵参天大树。读书使男人变得的冷静,写作使男人变得成熟。 三、要试着发现生活里的真、善、美 男人到了二十几岁后,就要学会如何去面对生活。什么是“真”,现在的男人越来越不懂,那是因为现在的男人都很浮躁,他们不懂什么才是“真心”地去生活。“真”,就是对自己实事求是,不要骗自己,也不要骗别人。“真”,就是诚实做人,诚实做事,诚实的男人最可爱。“善”,自然是善良的意思了。善待别人,就是在善待自己的生活。“善”其实就在我们每一个人的身边,不要为难别人,不要挖苦别人,不要侮辱别人,就是善良的行为。有时你的一点点善意就能结出一个善果,使你的生活因此而变得幸福。哲人说,“生活中本不缺少美,缺少的是发现美的眼睛”。是的,生活也的确是如此。不要总在惦记着自己的不幸,这样做只能使你生活的更加不幸。你觉得“不幸”是因为你无法乐观的面对生活,生活总是充满着希望的。只要你常常抬抬头,看看阳光,你就能感受到温暖。在温暖中乐观地去追美好的人生,你自然能够发现美。 四、与有思想的人交朋友 男人到了二十几岁后,就要开始有目的性的去选择朋友了。社会中的人脉关系是非常重要的,你的朋友圈子将对你的人生起着很大的影响。男人要广交朋友,多交诤友,不交损友。所谓诤友就是那些对你有帮助的朋友,而这些人往往自身也很优秀。多交诤友对一个人的生活、工作都是非常有益的。但真正的诤友也不易结交,因为这种朋友需要你付出极大的真诚,发自内心的真诚。有思想的朋友,他很清楚你有没有把他当作朋友。如果你只是在利用他,他在心中是不会把你当作朋友来看待的。交朋友有时并没有什么目的性,你只是觉得这个人很有思想,值得你与之相交。但往往就是这些有思想的朋友,在你最困难的时候向你伸出他的手。朋友,是一个男人生命中最重要的元素的之一。一个男人要想使自己像一人真正的男人那样活着,就一定要广交朋友,多交诤友。 五、必须改掉自身的不良习惯 男人到了二十几岁后,就必须要改掉自身的不良习惯。不良的习惯是养成的,良好的习惯也是养成。培养自己拥有良好的习惯,就是在改掉自身的不良习惯。如果一个男人到了二十几岁后,身上还有这样那样的不良习惯,那就是一件非常糟糕的事情了。这些不良的习惯会阻碍你人生的发展,生活会因此而失去不少光彩,事业也会因此难以取得更大的成功。如果你到现在还爱睡懒觉,那么清晨的第一抹阳光永远也不会照到你的笑脸上。如果你到现在还总是拖拖拉拉的,那么你将永远也无法站在冠军的位置上。如果你到现在还不会主动的去学习和工作,那么你的前途只能是一片暗淡无光的灰色。我相信没有哪一个男人想要灰色的人生,所有的男人都期望自己能有一个绚丽多彩的人生。所以为了使自己的人生绚丽多彩,男人到了二十几岁后,就必须要改掉自身的不良习惯。 六、学会忍耐与宽容 男人到了二十几岁后,就要学会忍耐与宽容。在社会中常有许多你无法接受的事情,但这些事情你又不得不接受时,这就需要你的忍耐。忍耐别人其实也是在宽容别人,一个能够宽容别人的男人会显得很大度。成功的男人往往也是一个能够忍辱负重的男人。耐得住寂寞的男人从不甘寂寞,男人的忍耐是为了更好的爆发。对那些说我们是傻瓜的人,说一句“我就是傻瓜”,使他们不知所措吧!对于那些无故指责我们的人,不要与他们争论,因为这样只会使自己变的愤怒。与其去伤害别人,不如去宽容别人,宽容是治疗他人伤口最好的灵丹圣药。 七、保持良好的心态,重视自己的身体 男人到了二十几岁后,就要学会调节自己的心态,重视自己的身体。身体是革命的本钱,心态是验钞机。男人要想获取更多的财富就要拥有一副强健的体魄,男人要想长久的做首富就要拥有一种积极乐观的心态。注意饮食,经常锻练,充足的睡眼,是健康身体的保证。不要患得患失,勤奋拼搏,让心态决定一切。你可以不用天天去晨跑,其实那也不会占用你多长的时间,需要的只是恒心和毅力。但你一定要时常去运动一下你的身体,散步是一种不错的选择,这样做会使你充满力量。你在冬天可以不用冷水洗澡,其实那也没有什么大不了的,因为我也曾坚持过一个冬天。但你在冬天一定要经常用冷水洗洗脸,这样做不仅可以防止感冒,还能保持一个清醒的头脑。你可以失败,但你永远要保持一种求胜的心态,战胜自己你就没有敌人。 八、时刻保持你的微笑,让礼貌成为你的名片 男人到了二十几岁后,要时刻保持你的微笑。笑脸迎人,说明你是一个善良的人,所有的人都愿意与善良的人打交道。不要把苦闷写在你的脸上,这样只会使别人远离你。你是什么样的人,别人通过你是否微笑着与他打招呼来判断。而这种判断对你在人家心中的印象起着很重要的作用。人们常说“细节决定成败”,而这细节往往就反应在你是不是一个有礼貌的人。有礼貌的人,知道关心别人。别人也会因为你的礼貌与关心,而给你走向成功的机会。男人的名片是微笑与礼貌,它是男人成就事业的通行证。 九、追求一个自己真正爱的女人,你一辈子也不会后悔 男人到了二十几岁后,慢慢地就会极渴望爱情。这是非常正常的事情,千万不压抑自己这种发自内心的情感。一个男人最傻最可爱的时候就是当他爱上了一个女人的时候。当你爱上一个女人却不知道她会不会爱上你的时候,你一定要选择一个恰当的时间向他表白。至于他是选择接受还选择拒绝那就要看你们之间的缘份和你的努力了。男人一定要明白,女人最渴望的一定是一个深爱着她的男人。爱情这种事不能强求,男人一定要明白。千万不要因为得不到你的爱情就让你的友情轻易的失去,能与一个自己曾经爱过的女人成为朋友是一件不可多得的好事。爱情之所以神圣不可侵犯,是因为它是人最心甘情愿的选择,它体现的人与人之间的尊重与信任。所以男人一定要尊重你爱着的那个女人的选择,相信她的选择是为了她自己的幸福而做出的决定。只要你曾经追求一个自己真正爱的女人,那么你一辈子也不会后悔。 十、为了自己的事业付出一切 男人到了二十几岁后,一定要为了自己的事业去努力拼搏。男人最重要的就是事业,没有事业的男人不能算作真正的男人。男人的事业不定要轰轰烈烈,但一定要有所成就,能使自己感到骄傲和自豪。一个事业心强的男人,也是一个求胜心与责任心同样强的男人。求胜心强的男人,从不甘平庸。责任心强的男人,从不惧困难。男人因自己成功的事业而变得高大,从而获得别人的尊重和信任。作为一个男人,就要为了自己的事业付出一切。要想成功你必须付出,而付出就意味你要失去一些东西。如果你不想为事业付出任何代价,那么你只能失去更多的东西,而且最后还一无所获。 十一、爱情跟事业是可以共同拥有的 男人到了二十几岁后,就应该努力做到爱情跟事业的双丰收。人们常说一个男人如果选择了爱情就会失去事业,如果选择了事业就得不到爱情。我却偏偏不这样认为,我反而觉得爱情越甜蜜的男人,事业越成功。其实爱情和事业本就是两回事,爱得轰轰烈烈的男人,一点也不会妨碍其获得成功的事业。一个有爱情滋润的男人一定比一个不知爱情是什么味道的男人更成熟,更有魅力,更有干一番事业的决心。二十几岁的男人们,千万不要相信那些偏激的人所说的话。就像人们常说的“婚姻是爱情的坟墓”,这种说法太偏激了。婚姻与爱情的区别只是多了一些“柴米油盐”,可以说婚姻才是一种完整的爱情,之前的爱情只是处在一种恋爱的阶段。也只有通过婚姻才能使男人和女人彻底的认识什么是爱情。爱情就是相互理解,相互鼓励,相互支持。在生活上彼此帮助,在事业上彼此帮助,让爱情跟事业可以双丰收。 十二、一定要努力比女人做的更好 男人到了二十几岁后,在任何事上一定要努力比女人做的更好。即使在一些不可能比女人做的更好的事情上,也要努力做的和女人一样好。在这里这不是想说男人天生就应该比女人强,而是要说男人天生就应该比女人做的更好。因为只要女人努力了,就很容易超越男人,所以男人应该知道努力比女人做的更好是天经地义的事情。在如今的社会,女人的地位越来越高了,女人第一次有了选择男人的权力。所以如果作为男人的你,不能比女人做的更好,那么女人凭什么选择你呢?女人们常说“女子能顶半边天”,而且现在的女人在本属于男人的某些领域里比男人做的更出色。所以男人不仅要在属于自己的领域里做的非常出色,而且也要能在本属于女人的领域里做得一样的出色。 十三、努力帮自己的妻子实现她的梦想男人到了二十几岁后,如果你已经结婚了,那就请你一定要努力帮自己的妻子实现她的梦想。人们学说“男人靠征服世界来征服女人,女人靠征服男人来征服世界”,所以一个已经征服了你的女人,你一定要努力帮她征服世界。女人的梦想从不会因为和一个男人生活在一起了而消失掉,只会因此而变得更加强烈。女人这种强烈的愿望和梦想也许不会表现在你的面前,但你的心中一定要明白。妻子是一个男人生命的核心,妻子生活得是否幸福,男人一定要关心。不要以为妻子取回家,就是来为你服务的。每一个男人的妻子都会关心自己的丈夫,每一个男人也要学会关心自己的妻子。而最关心妻子的事,莫过于关心她的梦想是什么,怎么做才能帮妻子实现她的梦想。 十四、学会勇敢一些,去承担起自己肩上的责任 男人到了二十几岁后,要学会勇敢一些,挻起自己的肩膀去承担起属于自己的那份义不容辞的责任。孝顺父母是一个男人责任,疼爱妻儿是一个男人的责任,成就事业也是一个男人的责任。男人的责任不外乎家庭和事业。这些责任的确比较沉重,但作为一个男人你必须挻起自己的肩膀去承担。没有什么原因,只因为你是一个男人。男人一样有权力哭泣,但却没有权力哭出声音来。男人一样有权力流泪,但却没有权力在父母妻儿面前流泪。男人一样有权力放弃,但却没有权力放弃家庭与事业上的责任。作为一个男人,你别无选择,你只能选择承担,用你的肩膀去承担。 十五、永远不要放弃自己,相信自己一定能行 男人到了二十几岁后,就必须做到永远不要放弃自己。别人之所以放弃你,那就因为你已经先放弃了自己。相信只要你不放弃自己,没有哪个人会放弃你或者说没有哪个人能放弃你。相信自己是一个男人战胜一切的力量之源,不相信自己的男人没有成功的理由,因为他的一脚已经跨到了失败的坟墓中。有一句广告语,这样说“相信自己,力量在心中”。还有一句广告语,这样说“我能”。是的,我想,我也相信只要每一个男人能够做到相信自己,你就一定能行。 --------------------------------------------- 宽容,勇敢,责任,信心。相信这些字会慢慢生长在每一个男人的胸怀里 2009/10/28 皮蛋瘦肉粥的煮法这个是今天ZZ的,而且试制很成功,就放在这里先 煮粥用料:瘦肉1块(猪腱肉最好),皮蛋2个(无铅皮蛋),姜1块,水足量,油盐适量。 个人感觉煮一个小时就可以了,一定要时常去锅边看着点,省得煮干,要适当加水 大S红烧肉的做法在这边这么久,百无聊赖之际,只有厨中作乐,烹菜饭为欢,特将诸家常脍炙亦有海味山珍的烹调心得整理成集,留日后回味,亦供诸位分享,且贻笑大方。 今天先介绍一下自创的大S红烧肉的做法吧,这道菜味道集甜香辣厚鲜为一体,口感软绵,肥而不腻,瘦而不柴,与湖南毛氏红烧肉却略有区别。 原料: 带皮五花肉-一坨(我也不太清楚几斤几辆的大家看着弄吧),小葱两根切段,姜一小块切大片,蒜5瓣切大块,干红辣椒5枚,花椒两小勺,八角4个,白砂糖一汤勺半,酱油,料酒,盐。 五花肉最好是那种肥瘦相间的新鲜带皮五花肉,如果选用肘子肉那就更好了。 制作过程: 先把猪肉切块,切成5厘米宽,7厘米长,1.5厘米厚(真精确哈。。。就是大概这个意思)的肉块,放好备用,煮一锅开水,把肉块放进去煮,不停的撇掉浮沫,并且搅动肉,直到几乎没有浮沫出现了,关火把肉捞出来备用,煮肉的清汤不要丢掉,放在一边同样备用。这样处理可以把猪肉的腥味初步去掉,而且可以除去肉中的血。 之后开始给肉上色初步入味。这一步可以炒糖色,也可以用老抽,炒糖色会有点点麻烦,老抽比较简单,但是总感觉缺少一点点味道。这里就介绍炒糖的方法。铁锅烧热,放两大汤勺油,把一汤勺半的白糖放到锅里,用铲子不停搅动,这时候用中火,直到糖慢慢融化变黄最后刚刚有点要变成红棕色的时候,把肉块下到锅里(小心油花四溅,伤痕累累啊)快速的翻炒肉,让每块肉都均匀的沾上糖色,这时候火不要太大,糖焦了就有焦糖味了。之后略微再翻炒一会儿,烹入一大汤勺料酒,给猪肉再去腥,这时候可以开大点火,搅动肉的同时再加两大汤勺酱油,均匀搅动。炒一小会儿看到汤汁冒泡翻滚就可以加入切好的葱姜蒜和完整的红辣椒,翻炒。这时候切忌不能放盐哦~要不然肉会难烂。之后拿一个高压锅,大火,把锅里的一切都倒入高压锅里,这时候拿来刚才煮肉时候准备好的清汤,倒入锅中,以没过肉为准。这时候可以尝尝锅里的汤,如果觉得是略甜稍咸鲜即可,如果觉得甜味太淡,可以再加一点酱油。把花椒和八角放在那种不锈钢的小钢蛋里,拧紧扔到汤里。锅盖好开煮,这样煮出来的肉省时且烂,(如果有的是时间可以慢慢用小锅煮,煮到肉软烂为止,那就更好吃了。。。。可是时间。。。。)冒气之后调中火。一共煮25分钟左右。 把煮好的肉和所有汤汁再倒回刚才的铁锅,大火收汁,这时候常常肉汤的咸淡,如果觉得淡,就加盐,觉得稍咸就可以了,因为汤收紧后会浓缩,会变得更咸。汤收得差不多了(不要收光,留一些淋在肉上)就可以出锅装盘了,最后撒上一层小葱。 2009/10/27 10月27日地面课1.关于NACA scope。大言不惭的某Har同志在课上说是NASA开发的,好吧其实是 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics开发的。在DA-42上用在了发动机进气的那个地方-Air intake。以及机翼根部底下用来给座舱通风的两个进气口。 2. Left engine cabin heat intake is for deforst. Right engine cabin heat intake is for 'real' cabin heat. 3. Sabena使用的DA-42是装备了2.0L引擎的飞机,但是检查单和所有的手册使用的是1.7L的版本,所以实际上引擎可以在8000Ft以下被可靠的重启,而不是6000Ft 4. Turbo-charger 中的waste gate 关闭的意思是关闭外排气,让所有的废气通入涡轮,使涡轮转的更快 如果coolant的温度小于88摄氏度,bypass line会被接通,使发动机的温度更快一点达到预定温度。如果温度大于88度,thermostat活门会打开,接通散热器。 2009/10/24 24岁生日24岁生日,第一个在国外的生日,离开家人和朋友最远的一次生日,我挂了我commercial阶段的第一个考试。。。 早晨4点起床,到学校做准备,忙前忙后。最后因为油箱里少了5加仑煤油被狠骂一顿,窝了一肚子的火。起飞以后犯了stupid mistake。。。自己都觉得好笑,又笑不出来。。。和别人说,都觉得那样的错误很丢脸。。。傻~ 总之,就这样子了。。。心里难受 2009/10/18 10月18日总结1. At pre-fly Clean the canopy. 2.Never forget to set the heading bug, especially After line up the RWY or on Final.3.Auto pilot : [AP] for engaged or disengaged the AP function [HDG] for switch the ROLL and HEADING function. The roll function is keep the wing level,heading is follow the heading bug. [NAV] for let the plane fly follow the fly plan load in G1000. Whether choice the CDI to GPS or VOR [APR] for approach it will catch the LOC and GLS, even the VOR app, it will keep the CDI center for app. [REV] for reverse sensitive ILS app [ALT] switch the function between Altitude and VS, use the knob to set the altitude and set the VS up or down. [ARM] for climb or descent click ARM will put the assigned altitude at standby it will automatically switch the VS to ALT. [BARO] altimeter setting. a. don't forget check the ALT is in ARM during the climb or decent. b.4 ways to disengaged the AP [AP button on the panel][The red button on the control stick][electric trim][pull circuit break] c.any emergency or abnormal, disengaged the AP immediately d.anytime change altitude, change the setting at G1000 and AP panel. 4.Power off stall and slow fly when recover, full power and flaps app wait until the airspeed more than 85KIAS Gear up flaps up 5.Steep turn,remember start pull up at 30 degrees and increase the power not so much. when finish one side use the balloon to back the assigned altitude, reduce the power and than turn other side, also pull up at 30 degree and increase the power little. After roll out use little pitch down force to maintain the altitude. 6.Emergence descent: power idle, flaps up, gear down, descent immediately no delay and than make the radio call, keep decent rate more than 2500FPM. when roll out, roll to level first and than pull up to straight and level. 7.SE pattern use rudder trim and maintain the 0 side slip. Pitch Vyse and don't forget to set the power not only maintain the altitude but also the airspeed at downwind and base or final. No LDG FLAPS. 2009/10/17 10月17日,夜航pattern和steep turn今天的夜航,有以下几点注意。起飞后一边注意使用右舵,保持好航向,选好前方参照点(发现自己私照的时候好像还真没学好)。转二边后继续保持90节爬升,到TPA后立刻收油门到45%~40%之间,速度会在100节左右,随着改平自然达到105节的三边速度,选参考点,保持航迹,保持油门设定,切接地点放近进襟翼,45度接地点放起落架。放好起落架后转四边同时油门收到35%左右,注意修正偏流。保持90节速度下降。转五边前确定风向,提前或稍迟转五边。转好五边放着陆襟翼,做最后近进briefing,保持中线在身体稍偏左,油门设定以保持速度85节为准(可能会有大油门设定),不要忘记使用heading bug. 另外steep turn注意在进入的时候大概30度的时候开始增加拉杆力度,进入50度后HOLD杆,始终不能放松,略加油门。结束一侧后转另一侧,油门略收,不要爬升,同样30度开始加力拉杆。 2009/10/15 10月15日,模拟机emergency和仪表近进1.RPM over speed: Reduce the affected engine's power, swap the ECU from AUTO to B and going check list. 2.Low oil pressure and high oil temperature: Reduce the affected engine's power and going check list. 3.For single engine going around, flaps and gear up at same time just after full power. -------------------------------------------IR APP for DA42----------------------------------------------- 1.APP and Hold speed 100KIAS 2.FAF means just intercept the glide slop(the ball at center) or for Non-precision use the DME follow the chart. 3.Precision APP: Both engine-The glide slop have 1 point deflection FLAPS APP. At FAF gear down.RWY insight FLAPS LDG Single engine-No Flaps before RWY insight.At FAF gear down.RWY insight Flaps APP or NOT Non-Precision APP: Both engine- 1NM before the FAF Flaps APP.At FAF gear down.RWY insight FLAPS LDG Single engine-No Flaps before RWY insight.At FAF gear down.RWY insight Flaps APP or NOT Circle-To-Land: No Flaps and gear until at the real final. 4.Fly into visual moisture and temperature lower than 5, open the pitot heat. 2009/10/13 橘子精油-----Las Vegas 两年前的那瓶橘子精油被我带到美国,感觉就快忘掉这件事情,今天突然觉得最近疲惫不堪,精神萎靡,也许可以尝试一下,浴缸里放满热水,入精油25滴(奢侈。。。),泡!竟然陶醉的整整泡了30分钟,到处弥漫的蒸气伴随着清新的柑橘香味,到最后几乎昏厥。。。察觉不妙赶紧擦干出来,倒在床上感觉浑身松软,各种放松啊~~~ ---------------------------------------我是去拉斯维加斯前的分割线---------------------------------------------- 明天晚上飞去拉斯维加斯,James飞过去,我飞回来,呵呵~~睡觉! 2009/10/11 今天模拟机的一点总结--关于emergency关于engine的emergency无外乎就是滑行时单发失效或者起飞后单发失效。 在地面滑行时单发失效,没有达到Vr(小飞机不考虑V1)就中断起飞,油门收光,同时看仪表确定正常的发动机,朝那个方向踩舵保持方向。 达到Vr起飞后单发失效,跑道够长就收光油门准备落地,检查起落架。跑道不够长就全油门,马上检查仪表确定正常的发动机(Load 100%的那台),朝那个方向踩满舵,保持82节速度,之后检查襟翼起落架,推收坏引擎的油门做关车前确认,之后坏引擎关车顺桨(engine master,fuel selector,alternator OFF)联系管制,爬升至起落航线高度,保持高度,用flaps app落地,三边105KIAS,四边95KIAS,五边85KIAS。 在巡航时单发失效,处理办法同上,关车后联系管制,报告位置,报告紧急情况,请求紧急着陆。 引擎失火要立即切断失火一侧的燃油(fuel selector OFF)引擎(Engine master OFF)和发电机(alternator OFF)如果火警持续,要立刻emergency descent,并告知管制紧急情况,以及请求紧急下降,请求紧急着陆。 2009/10/9 喜欢看别人的相册每天上午10点到下午5点这段时间,就是国内的晚上了,除了那些职业夜猫子和几个同样漂在国外的朋友还在线,剩下的都呼呼睡了,呵呵,这段时间总是会看看书,看个电影,或者看看别人发的那些照片。其实只是想说,每个人都会把自己喜欢的照片挑出来,或者还要处理一下做的美美的才会发到网上来分享给朋友,每次看别人发在网络上的那些照片,都会看到好多惊喜好多可爱:) 10.8 back seating1. Check pitot heat, switch ON wait until ‘stall heat fail’ annunciation appear and turn the switch OFF check the ‘pitot heat off’ ‘stall heat off’ appear. Because on the ground if open the pitot heat the stall heat will work together but the sensor will find the aircraft not have the relative wind and close the stall heat to protect the wing. 2. During the cruise to climb, climb first to reduce the air speed to 105 KIAS and than increase the throttle to 90% load. 3. Power on stall: 20% load maintain the altitude to decrease the airspeed to 75 KIAS [ Power 65% and pitch 18~20 degree at same time] wait the buffet [ full power and nose down to the horizon at the same time] wait until speed to 90KIAS climb again. 4. Single engine Vmc demo: Power 35% maintain the altitude until 95KIAS, Idle the left engine, right engine throttle full power pitch up until the buffet, throttle to 50% and nose down until regain the control full power again to maintain the altitude or Vyse as instructor’s require. Announce the briefing ‘dead foot dead engine, circle the affected throttle check yaw to verify the dead engine’ Firstly ENGINE TROUBLESHOOTING check list Secondly ENGINE FAILURE in flight check list After that should shut down the left engine and feather the prop. Right throttle full power maintain altitude and 0 side slip declare emergency (simulate). Third ENGINE RESTART check list 5.Emergency descent: No more than 45°bank (normally to the left) Flaps up Gear down throttle idle maintain 2500 FPM descent rate. When level out Full power plus 100ft minus 0ft gear up. 6. Short field take off: No flaps, Vr73 climb at 79 after 50ft climb at 90 7. Short field landing: final speed 80, choose 500ft aft the threshold to be the aim point. 8. Before run-up set the timer 2 mins and when after all run-up procedure just before the ECU check, must conform all engine instrument at green range and check the oil temperature above 50 and coolant temperature above 60 if not set throttle(affected side) to 1400 RPM until it in the limit. 2009/10/7 DA42 ElectricalThe main battery is permanently tied to the hot battery bus which feeds two consumers: the ELT and the pilot map reading light. This makes possible to use the light even before boarding the plane and ease boarding, but it also makes this light a perfect tool for draining the battery. Both left hand (LH) and right hand (RH) main busses are connected to the battery bus via circuit breakers. Both main busses feed the respective engine ECU busses via two diodes, to prevent any back current. When the electric master switch is turned on, the hot battery bus is connected to the battery bus. On both sides, the main bus and engine bus are then fed by the battery. Each engine ECU bus is also fed by an ECU backup battery, to avoid temporary loss of voltage if the alternator or the main battery cannot sustain a momentary high load, but more on this later on. The LH and RH alternators are connected to both their respective main bus (via the alternator relay) and engine ECU bus (directly). As both main busses are inter-connected via the battery bus the load between the alternators can be balanced. As all diesel engines, there is one engine master switch per engine. When it is activated, the ECUs are connected to the engine ECU bus and the alternator is connected to the excitation battery. The same excitation battery feeds both alternators. Each engine is started separately by actuating the starter switch, which is a key with three positions: “off – left – right”, thus making impossible to start both engines simultaneously. The 7th bus is the avionics bus, which is fed from the RH main bus, via a relay controlled by the avionics switch. This asymmetrical connection might seem strange, but remember that both main busses are connected together via the battery bus, so even if the main battery and the right alternator are lost the avionics bus is still fed by the left alternator. The voltage showing on the G1000 is measured at the battery bus. The AMP showing on the G1000 is measured by the sensor at the generator. DA-42※Power plant:Two Thielent aircraft engine TAE 125-01(1.7L)/-02(2.0L) Four cylinders, liquid cooled,1689 cc Common rail direct injection Reduction gear 1:1.69 Dual digital engine control Turbocharger Max power 99KW (135HP) at 2300 RPM[Each] Max count power 99KW (135HP) at 2300RPM[Each] Power lever select ‘Load’ in % RPM automatically determined by selected power Normal cruise 70% load. If have strong wind use higher. ※Propeller:3 blade wooden prop Constant speed, feathering Pitch control integrated into engine. Pitch control be gearbox oil Governor valve controlled by ECU Oil pressure up=pitch down=RPM up Oil pressure down=pitch up=RPM down Means when one engine suddenly inoperation the engine drive Oil pump stop force the pressure into the governor so that will make the Oil pressure drop so the prop pitch up until feather. ※Feathering system:No ‘Auto-Feather’ Feathering by engine master OFF if RPM above 1300. If RPM below 1300 Prop pitch will remains above high pitch lock. Unfeathering by oil pressure from accumulator when engine master ON ※Cooling system:
The Air inter cooler is use for cooling the air just compressed by the turban.※Limitation:Max over speed 2500 RPM with Max 20 sec. Oil pressure 1.0-6.5 Pa Oil quantity 4.5-6 Liters per engine Max oil consumption 0.1 L/h Oil temperature -32℃-140℃ Gear box temperature Max 120℃ Coolant temperature -32℃-105℃ Max restart altitude 6000ft. 80-120KIAS ※Turbo chargerECU control the waste gate The gate open will make the turban slower(let the waste gas leak from the bypass tube.) 2009/10/5 Multi-Engine Ground school 1※Vsse-Single Engine Safty speed For DA-42 is 82KIAS ※Type of Multi-Enging Aircraft 1.U.S. conventional: Both prop turn in clockwise(direction as viewed from behind) Critical engine-left one 2.Counter rotating: Left prop turn clockwise Right prop turn counter clockwise.Critical engine-None ※Left tendency (for US conventional) P-factor [Yaw](the prop blade make different thrust, the downward side generated more than the upward side so make the left tendency) Accelerated slipstream [Roll & Yaw] (The prop installed at the root of the wing will accelerated the speed of the wind which over the aerofoil and make more lift. It also have this characteristic the right side behind the engine will have more accelerated slipstream so make the moment slightly offset at the right side of each wing behind the engine.It also affected with the Pitch.IF lose one engine, the airflow to the tail also decrease and make the aircraft nose down.) Spiraling slipstream [Yaw] (The twin engine just like the single engine will generate the slipstream, they spiraling clockwise and backward to the tail the right engine’s slipstream just leave away from the vertical stabilizer but the left one, his slipstream will directly contact the tail and push the vertical stabilizer to the right side so make the plane Yaw to the left side around the C.G. Torque [Roll] (Just because The Newtown’s 3rd law the prop turn clockwise so make a same force to turn the plane counterclockwise like turn to the left) ※14 CFR Part 23 Vmc require Vmc must less or equal to 1.2Vso Without rudder trim must less than or equal to 150 lbs of rudder fore Maintain heading with 20 degrees ※14 CFR Part 23 single engine climb Less than or equal to 61 KIAS Vso Determine rate of climb or descent ※Factors affecting Vmc 14 FAR part 23.149 1. Critical engine inoperative and wind milling. Will increase the Vmc because the wind milling side engine crate more drag to increase the left tendency. 2. Airborne and out of ground effect. Will increase the Vmc because that will increase the deduce drag and decrease the lift. 3. Most unfavorable weight. Will increase the Vmc because when it is banked, a component of the aircraft weight acts along with the horizontal component of lift to create a more effective sideslip towards the operating engine. So for a given bank, the heavier the airplane have lower Vmc 4. Landing gear retracted. Will increase the Vmc because the landing gear and gear door works like a rudder can increase the stability of the aircraft to reduce the Vmc 5. Cowl flaps take off Will increase the Vmc (very slightly)because that is increase the drag. 6. Rearward C.G. Will increase the Vmc because that will decrease the distance (moment) from C.G. to the rudder and decrease the rudder’s efficiency. 7. Operating engine maximum power setting. Will increase the Vmc because that will make more left tendency to increase the yaw or roll. 8. Operating at sea level (low density altitude). Will increase the Vmc because that will increase the performance of the engine and make more left tendency and lift at the operation engine. 9. Flaps takeoff. Will increase the Vmc because that will increase the drag. 10. Trimmed for take off That is no factor. Befor take off briefing I fly normal takeoff,Vr 75, climb use 100% load at 90 Kts above 1000 ft AGL use 90% load at 105 Kts In case of engine failure at takeoff roll with sufficient runway remaining,Power idle maintain direction control by the rudder, use brake as require, declare emergency. In case of engine failure at takeoff roll without sufficient runway remaining, Power idle maintain direction control with rudder Engine master off fuel selector off Electrical master off use brake as require avoid obstruction declare emergency. In case of engine failure after takeoff with sufficient runway remaining,Power idle check landing gear down landing straight ahead or slight right or left declare emergency. In case of engine failure after takeoff without sufficient runway remaining,Full Power maintain direction control pitch Vyse(82 Kts) flaps up gear up Identify Dead foot Dead engine, verify move affected throttle full fwd and back,fix or feather. Above 1500 AGL trouble shoot Below 1500 AGL feather Diamond DA-42 procedure(just the key part)1. pre-fly | Vg 82 | Vx Vy 79 | Vno 155 | Vne 194 | engine master on—looking for the prop twist,check Glow annunciation appear and disappear 2. start engine: looking for the oil pressure goes to green with 3 seconds, check the RPM 900 +-20, check voltage and amp, check annunciations 3. setup the PFD MFD copy the ATIS. After line up hold brake and full throttle check RPM above 2240 4. Slow fly: Power 45%-----slow down to 105-----flaps app-----gear down-----flaps LDG----maintain altitude and decrease the power to slow down until the stall warning horn----add 5%-10% power to maintain the airspeed and altitude. Vs0=56 Vs=62 During the recover don’t climb! Remember power for altitude, pitch for speed. 5. steep turn: Power 50%----slow down to 105----make 50 degrees bank and add 5% power. 6. power on stall: Power 25%----slow down to 75-----Power to 65%----Pitch up 18-20 degrees Recover: full power (if with bank, use the rudder and aileron to let the wings level first)----nose level (don’t sink)----positive climb 7. power off stall: Power 45%---slow down to 105-----flaps app-----gear down-----flaps LDG (pitch down immediately)----maintain airspeed 85-----descent to 50 feet above the dead altitude----power idle---pitch up 10 degrees Recover: full power(if with bank, use the rudder and aileron to let the wings level first)----flaps app----nose level (no sink)----positive climb-----gear up----flaps up 8. On the normal pattern: 100% power 90kias climb, 1000 AGL 90% power 105 kias Reach the pattern altitude, reduce the power to 50% Downwind speed 105 abeam the threshold flaps app speed 95 Before turning base gear down 3 green lights speed 90 On final flaps LDG speed 85. Pitch for glide power for speed. Briefing. During the touch and go, after touchdown just call 'Flaps up' don't touch the flaps |
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